The tools of monetary policy include: open market operations, the discount interest rate policies and reserve requirements. The most important tool of monetary policy, open market operations is American. The Fed cannot control inflation or the impact on output and employment a direct way that indirect impacts mainly by increasing the short-term interest rate reduction. Usually the Fed's monetary policy is conducted through open market operations on the market of Bank reserves, known as the federal funds market. Fed purchases of Government securities on the open market. These activities by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York made. To increase the money supply, the Fed buys Government securities from banks, enterprises, individuals and payment by check, when the Fed's check was deposited into the Bank will create a large amount of reserves to loans or investments. On the contrary, to reduce the money supply, the Fed sells Government securities to banks to withdraw money from the Reserve Bank, reserve levels should decrease by the banks to reduce lending rates should decrease the money supply.
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