The contribution of livestock in climate change
Climate change is closely related to the impact of livestock on land use such as grazing land (pasture) land forage crops (forage and concentrates) . When considering both goods production cycle greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production contributes to global warming is 18%, or nearly one fifth of greenhouse gas emissions (FAO, 2006a; Steinfeld et al. 2006) emissions greenhouse larger livestock emissions from cars and other vehicles (FAO, 2006), livestock contribute 9% CO2, 37% CH4 and N2O 65% of total greenhouse gas emissions (Steinfeld and Hoffmann, 2008 ). N2O output will rise further in the coming decades because pastures are expanding maximum in most regions of the world because the livestock is expanding, need more land than food production (Steinfeld and Hoffmann, 2008 ). In most types of agricultural land, including grassland cutting, nitrogen fertilizer, or manure and animal waste containing N will stimulate impulsive escape N2O (SOUSSANA et al., 2007). There are three types of greenhouse gases (GHGs Green House Gases-) is CO2, methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) (Steinfeld et al, 2006). While people pay much attention to CO2, the methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) has the potential to cause the greenhouse effect is much greater than CO2 (Koneswaran and Nierenberg, 2008). If considered a gram of CO2 is a unit (or equivalent CO2) causing the greenhouse effect (heats the atmosphere and Earth) is the potential greenhouse effect of one gram of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide with 1 gram (N2O ) is 23 and 296 CO2 equivalents (Koneswaran and Nierenberg, 2008). In a report in November 2006 FAO (November 2006 report, Livestock's Long Shadow: Environmental Issues and Options, by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations), farming has a significant role to make the Earth hot up and is one of the major threats to the global environment (FAO 2006a). As the number of cattle increased, greenhouse gas emissions will also increase. Increase the number of cattle, increasing the number of cattle farms has increased concentration of greenhouse gas emissions from livestock and from waste (stool) of cattle (Paustian et al 2006). Breeding technology development, many industrial farms focus appeared, manure from these farms needed more fertilizer for crop production (FAO 2005b), resulting in accumulation of phosphorus, nitrogen and and other contaminants in the soil, groundwater, rivers and lakes, the sea (Thorne, 2007).
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